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Typhoon Mitag (2002)
Typhoon Mitag, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Basyang,〔 was the first super typhoon on record in the month of March. The second storm of the 2002 Pacific typhoon season, Mitag developed from a trough near the equator on February 25 near the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). It moved westward through the archipelago and intensified into a typhoon before passing near Yap on March 2. High winds and heavy rainfall affected the state, resulting in an islandwide power outage and destroying hundreds of houses. Mitag caused severe crop damage that resulted in food shortages. The rainfall and storm surge flooded much of the coastline as well as Yap's capital, Colonia. Damage totaled $150 million, mostly from crop damage. There was one death related to the storm's aftermath.
After affecting Yap, Mitag turned to the northwest and later to the north due to an approaching trough. It passed to the north of Palau, contributing to one death there. Despite predictions of weakening, the typhoon continued to intensify, reaching peak winds of 175 km/h (110 mph 10 minute sustained) on March 5. The combination of cooler air and interaction with the westerlies caused Mitag to weaken significantly. Only four days after reaching peak winds, the storm had dissipated well to the east of the Philippines.
==Meteorological history==
The origins of Typhoon Mitag were from a trough near the equator in late February 2002.〔 A circulation developed on February 25 south of Pohnpei, which initially had disorganized convection due to moderate wind shear. After further organization,〔 the system developed into a tropical depression on February 26. Located south of the subtropical ridge, it moved generally westward, intensifying into Tropical Storm Mitag near Chuuk State in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) on February 28. This was based off analysis from the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA);〔 the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) estimated that the system intensified into a tropical storm a day prior.〔 It passed just south of Weno in Chuuk while continuing westward, intensifying quickly due to decreasing wind shear.〔 The JTWC upgraded the storm to a typhoon on March 1,〔 and the JMA followed suit a day later.〔
Despite being early in the season, Mitag intensified significantly to the east of the Philippines.〔 On March 2, an eye was observed on satellite imagery in the center of the deepest convection. Late that day, Mitag passed just south of the island of Yap in the FSM.〔 On March 3, the typhoon entered the area of warning responsibility of the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA); the agency gave it the local name "Basyang".〔 An approaching deep-layer trough turned the typhoon to the northwest and later to the north.〔 Although southwesterly wind shear was expected to restrict intensification, Mitag turned to the northeast in the same direction as the shear, causing the outflow to increase. After completing an eyewall replacement cycle, very deep convection surrounded the eye, and Dvorak numbers peaked at 7.0. On this basis, the JTWC upgraded Mitag to a super tyhoon on March 5, estimating peak winds of 260 km/h (160 mph 1 minute sustained) while the storm was located about 610 km (380 mi) east of Catanduanes in the Philippines. This made it the only super typhoon on record in the month. Also on March 5, the JMA estimated peak winds of 175 km/h (110 mph 10 minute sustained),〔 PAGASA assessed the same intensity as JMA, and the National Meteorological Centre of China estimated peak winds of 205 km/h (125 mph 10 minute sustained). For about a day, the typhoon maintained its peak winds,〔 before increasing wind shear and cool, dry air imparted significant weakening. In a 24‑hour period, the JTWC estimated that winds decreased by 110 km/h (70 mph 1 minute sustained) while the storm turned to the northeast,〔 and on March 7, Mitag weakened below typhoon-force.〔 A surge in the monsoon combined with the upper-level Westerlies displaced the low-level circulation from the upper-level center, causing the low-level system to turn to the east and south. On March 8, the JTWC issued its last advisory,〔 and Mitag dissipated on March 9.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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